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Balanced, Protected, and Informed O&M for Active Daily Living
Dr. Grace Ambrose-Zaken


Innovative Belt Canes for Kids with a Visual Impairment
Navigating the world can be challenging for visually impaired children. Traditional mobility aids like long canes are effective but can sometimes be cumbersome for young users. Enter the innovative belt cane for kids - a compact, user-friendly solution designed to empower children with visual impairments to explore their surroundings confidently and safely.

Grace Ambrose-Zaken
Aug 6, 2025


1960s Part 2: O&M Goes to School
The entire field of orientation and mobility (O&M) exists because of the dog guide and, later, the long cane. Both were developed in response to war. Dog guides emerged after World War I, and the long cane after World War II, to serve newly blinded veterans—adults who had walked confidently with vision for decades before losing it. As a result, the curriculum for teaching independent travel was designed around a very specific learner: a physically fit, cognitively intact adul

Grace Ambrose-Zaken
Apr 6, 2025


History of Early Intervention O&M: The First Half of the Twentieth Century
Teaching blind children before long canes were invented shows why we believe bruises are instructional for blind babies.

Grace Ambrose-Zaken
Mar 23, 2024
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